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The idea of free (or laissez-faire) banking has enjoyed a remarkable renaissance in recent years. It is a novel idea that challenges much of what many banking scholars still take for granted - that banking is inherently unstable, that the banking system needs a lender of last resort or deposit insurance to defend it in a crisis, and that the Government has to protect the value of the currency. Against this free banking sets an argument which is in essence very simple: if markets are generally better at allocating resources than governments, then what is different about money and the industr

Free banking --- Monetary policy --- Laissez-faire banking --- Banks and banking --- History. --- Banques privées --- Politique monétaire --- History --- Histoire --- 332.1 --- Banking --- 331.150 --- 333.100 --- 333.111.0 --- 333.111.40 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Geschiedenis van het geldwezen: algemeenheden --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek --- Algemeenheden. Theoretische en beschrijvende studies. Centrale banken --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen

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This book is devoted to an issue that is the subject of growing interest amongst policy makers, financial providers and academics. That issue is the problem of unbanking or underbanking in developed countries. The issue has arisen because, faced with an ever more sophisticated and efficient financial system, an increasing number of people have found themselves in danger of being excluded from it. The goal of the papers that follow is to draw attention, both through a theoretical framework and through field study, to the need for banks, financial institutions, public authorities and non profit associations to increase their efforts to understand the process of financial exclusion, so that they can develop approaches to help people on low to moderate incomes to gain access to the whole range of financial services, from payment to savings, and from loans to investment. Some farsighted banks and financial institutions have already developed strategies, and introduced new products and services, to promote financial inclusion in these untapped markets. The research group is international and multi-disciplinary. The authors are grateful to the Italian Ministry for University Research (MIUR) for financial assistance provided under the “PRIN 2003” programme. The volume has been produced thanks to support from the University of Valle d’Aosta – Université de la Vallée d’Aoste (Italy), which has an leading reputation for encouraging research on financial innovation aimed at marginalised groups.

Banks and banking. --- Financial services industry. --- Low-income consumers. --- Disadvantaged consumers --- Poor as consumers --- Consumers --- Services, Financial --- Service industries --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Finance. --- Macroeconomics. --- Finance, general. --- Macroeconomics/Monetary Economics//Financial Economics. --- Economics --- Funding --- Funds --- Currency question --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Low-income consumers --- 332.17 --- 333.100 --- AA / International- internationaal --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek

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In mainstream economic theory money functions as an instrument for the circulation of commodities or for keeping a stock of liquid wealth. In neither case is it considered fundamental to the production of goods or the distribution of income. Augusto Graziani challenges traditional theories of monetary production, arguing that a modern economy based on credit cannot be understood without a focus on the administration of credit flows. He argues that market asset configuration depends not upon consumer preferences and available technologies but on how money and credit are managed. A strong exponent of the circulation theory of monetary production, Graziani presents an original and perhaps controversial argument that will stimulate debate on the topic.

Money --- Production (Economic theory) --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.100 --- 330.48 --- 332.401 --- Microeconomics --- Supply and demand --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Supply-side economics --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek. --- Neo-klassiekers en andere post-keynesiaanse theorieën. Public choice. Institutionalisten. Home economics. Analyseschool van de transactiekosten. --- Neo-klassiekers en andere post-keynesiaanse theorieën. Public choice. Institutionalisten. Home economics. Analyseschool van de transactiekosten --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek --- Business, Economy and Management --- Economics --- Money.

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Can the 'invisible hand' handle money? George Selgin challenges the view that government regulation creates monetary order and stability, and instead shows it to be the main source of monetary crisis. The volume is divided into three sections: * Part I refutes conventional wisdom holding that any monetary system lacking government regulation is 'inherently unstable', and looks at the workings of market forces in an otherwise unregulated banking system. * Part II draws on both theory and historical experience to show how various kinds of government interference undermine the inheren

Money. Monetary policy --- Private finance --- AA / International- internationaal --- 333.100 --- 333.101 --- 333.111.7 --- 333.110 --- 333.139.0 --- 333.50 --- 333.78 --- 333.846.0 --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek. --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel. --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen. --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet. --- Controle en nationalisatie van de banken: algemeen. --- Financiële instellingen: algemeenheden. --- Kredietcontrole. Credit crunch. --- Verband tussen het monetair, bank- en kredietbeleid en de economische ontwikkeling: algemeenheden. --- Banks and banking --- Financial institutions --- State supervision. --- State supervision --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- Betrekkingen van de centrale banken met de kredietinstellingen --- Controle en nationalisatie van de banken: algemeen --- Financiële instellingen: algemeenheden --- Kredietcontrole. Credit crunch --- Verband tussen het monetair, bank- en kredietbeleid en de economische ontwikkeling: algemeenheden

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In this ground-breaking analysis of the world's first private banks, Edward Cohen convincingly demonstrates the existence and functioning of a market economy in ancient Athens while revising our understanding of the society itself. Challenging the "primitivistic" view, in which bankers are merely pawnbrokers and money-changers, Cohen reveals that fourth-century Athenian bankers pursued sophisticated transactions. These dealings--although technologically far removed from modern procedures--were in financial essence identical with the lending and deposit-taking that separate true "banks" from other businesses. He further explores how the Athenian banks facilitated tax and creditor avoidance among the wealthy, and how women and slaves played important roles in these family businesses--thereby gaining legal rights entirely unexpected in a society supposedly dominated by an elite of male citizens. Special emphasis is placed on the reflection of Athenian cognitive patterns in financial practices. Cohen shows how transactions were affected by the complementary opposites embedded in the very structure of Athenian language and thought. In turn, his analysis offers great insight into daily Athenian reality and cultural organization.

History of ancient Greece --- -GR / Greece - Griekenland - Grèce --- 331.160 --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden. --- Banks and banking --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- History. --- Greece --- History --- 331.162.20 --- 331.31 --- 333.100 --- 333.101 --- 333.110 --- GR / Greece - Griekenland - Grèce --- Financiële geschiedenis: algemeenheden --- Geschiedenis van de banken: algemeenheden --- Economisch beleid --- Algemeenheden. Theorie en principes van de bankorganisatie en -techniek --- Banksysteem en bankstelsel --- Centrale banken en parastatale kredietinstellingen: algemeen. Overheidsbemoeiïng inzake organisatie en verdeling van het krediet --- E-books --- Banques --- Histoire --- Athens (Greece) --- Athènes (Grèce) --- Grèce --- Economic conditions --- Conditions économiques --- Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 404-362 B.C. --- Banks and banking - Greece - Athens - History. --- Greece - History - Spartan and Theban Supremacies, 404-362 B.C. --- Economic conditions.